Oil Refineries in the 21st Century

How to improve energy efficiency and cost effectiveness in petroleum processing. Intensified global competition among refineries together with declining oil reserves is leading to a fewer and larger production sites and forcing operators to optimize both costs and energy consumption. However, these tasks are unattainable without precise knowledge of the economic and technological fundamentals of refining crude oil. Here, the author provides a detailed and well-founded approach to the methodology, information and criteria necessary for analyzing energy use, economics and the environmental impact, as well as practical solutions for fulfilling the requirements of the Kyoto agreement. In addition, he describes in sufficient detail the energy streams within a refinery. From the contents: Technological and Energy Characteristics of Chemical Process Industry Economic and Technological Aspects of Oil Refineries Instruments for Determining Energy and Processing Efficiency of - Crude Distillation - Vacuum Distillation - Vacuum Residue Visbreaking - Bitumen Blowing - Catalytic Reforming - Catalytic Cracking - Gas Concentration - Jet Fuel Hydrodesulphurization - Gas Oil Hydrodesulphurization - Alkylation A practical guide for refinery engineers, managers, and consultants, as well as all engineers involved in the design of process technologies, in developed as well as developing countries.